Charles Messier was an 18th century astronomer. While observing he kept a list of objects that weren't comets. This is list is called Charles Messier's Catalog of Nebulae and Star Clusters. The object in the picture is Messier 27 or M27. M27 is a gaseous emission nebula. These are made when stars run out of nuclear fuel in their cores. The outer layers are released into space while the atoms provide a glow of ultraviolet light. The common name of this object is the Dumbbell Nebula.
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